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I have read a few weeks ago that some mathematical researchers have discover that the minimum number of movements to solve any initial configuration of a Rubik's cube has been downsized to 20.

How do they calculate such a number ?

Thanks.

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    Technically there is no maximum length as you could sit there wasting your time doing a move, then as your next move undo your previous move. I think you mean theminimum number of moves to solve the Rubik's cube over all possible initial conditions. If you can find a textbook like "The Handbook of Cubik Math" that would be a start. There is a little bit of a subject called "group theory" involved but not too much.2010-10-01
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    That's totally right, I meant minimum instead of maximum. I will edit my question.2010-10-01

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See the discussion and references on the associated Wikipedia page Optimal solutions for Rubik's Cube

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    Did not notice that there was such a page on wikipedia. Thanks !2010-10-01
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See http://www.cube20.org/