This is a reduction from undirected Hamilton Cycle to undirected Hamilton Path. It takes a graph $G$ and returns a graph $f(G)$ such that $G$ has a Hamilton Cycle iff $f(G)$ has a Hamilton Path.
Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ we construct a graph $f(G)$ as follows.
Let $v \in V$ be a vertex of G, and let $v',s,t \notin V$.
We want to make $v'$ a "copy" of $v$, and add vertices of degree one; $s,t$, connected to $v,v'$, respectively. (See Figure 1.)
That is, $f(G)$ has vertices $V\cup \{v',s,t\}$ and edges $E\cup\{(v',w)|(v,w)\in E\}\cup\{(s,v),(v',t),(v,v')\}$.
Now if $G$ has a Hamilton Cycle, we may write it on the form $(v,u),edges,(u',v)$, where $edges$ is some list of edges which must form a simple path $u\ldots u'$ visiting all vertices but $v$. But then, $(s,v),(v,u),edges,(u',v'),(v',t)$ is a Hamilton Path between $s$ and $t$ in $f(G)$.
If on the other hand $f(G)$ has a Hamilton Path, then it must have $s$ and $t$ as endpoints, since they have degree 1. In which case it must (up to reversal) be of the form $(s,v),(v,y),edges',(y',v'),(v',t)$. But then, $G$ has a Hamilton cycle $(v,y),edges',(y',v)$.
