How does one go about solving the following quadratic congruence?
$4x^2 \equiv 2 \ (\text{mod} \ 7)$
How does one go about solving the following quadratic congruence?
$4x^2 \equiv 2 \ (\text{mod} \ 7)$
You can take the square roots of both sides: $$4x^2 \equiv 2 \pmod 7$$ $$2x \equiv 3, 4 \pmod 7$$ Then halve both sides: $$x \equiv 5, 2 \pmod 7.$$
Example: $4 \times 12^2 = 576 = 82 \times 7 + 2$.
HINT $\ $ Multiply both sides by 2.
Although not as useful in general, with a small modulus like $7$, one can let $x$ run through all possible congruence classes modulo $7$. Using Bill Dubuque's hint will make the mental calculation easier to see which $x$ actually satisfy the congruence.
Since $2 \equiv 9 \pmod 7$, you have $(2x-3)(2x+3) = 4x^2-9 \equiv 0 \pmod 7$. Now use that $7$ is prime.